| Tokelau |  | Click to enlarge
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In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004 was used in the preparation of The World Factbook. This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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| Introduction | Tokelau | Top of Page
Background: | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.
| Geography | Tokelau | Top of Page
Location: | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates: | 9 00 S, 172 00 W
Map references: | Oceania
Area: | total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries: | 0 km
Coastline: | 101 km
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Terrain: | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Natural resources: | NEGL
Land use: | arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Irrigated land: | NA sq km
Natural hazards: | lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Environment - current issues: | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Geography - note: | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level
| People | Tokelau | Top of Page
Population: | 1,405 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate: | -0.01% (2004 est.)
Birth rate: | NA births/1,000 population
Death rate: | NA deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate: | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio: | NA
Infant mortality rate: | total: NA male: NA female: NA
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: NA years male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate: | NA children born/woman
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA
Nationality: | noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan
Ethnic groups: | Polynesian
Religions: | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Languages: | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Literacy: | NA
| Government | Tokelau | Top of Page
Country name: | conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau
Dependency status: | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand
Government type: | NA
Capital: | none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Administrative divisions: | none (territory of New Zealand)
Independence: | none (territory of New Zealand)
National holiday: | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Constitution: | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Legal system: | New Zealand and local statutes
Suffrage: | 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch: | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002) head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Legislative branch: | unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
Judicial branch: | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Political parties and leaders: | none
Political pressure groups and leaders: | none
International organization participation: | UNESCO (associate), UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: | none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation from the US: | none (territory of New Zealand)
Flag description: | the flag of New Zealand is used
| Economy | Tokelau | Top of Page
Economy - overview: | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
GDP: | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | NA
GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Population below poverty line: | NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | NA
Labor force: | NA
Unemployment rate: | NA
Budget: | revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Agriculture - products: | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Industries: | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Industrial production growth rate: | NA
Electricity - production: | NA kWh
Electricity - consumption: | NA kWh
Exports: | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983)
Exports - commodities: | stamps, copra, handicrafts
Exports - partners: | New Zealand (2000)
Imports: | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Imports - commodities: | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Imports - partners: | New Zealand (2000)
Debt - external: | $0
Economic aid - recipient: | from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Currency: | New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Currency code: | NZD
Exchange rates: | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Fiscal year: | 1 April - 31 March
| Communications | Tokelau | Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use: | 300 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 0 (2001)
Telephone system: | general assessment: adequate domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Radio broadcast stations: | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Internet country code: | .tk
Internet users: | NA
| Transportation | Tokelau | Top of Page
Highways: | total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: | none; offshore anchorage only
Merchant marine: | none
Airports: | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.)
| Military | Tokelau | Top of Page
Military - note: | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
| Transnational Issues | Tokelau | Top of Page
Disputes - international: | none
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005