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| Liberia |

Introduction | Liberia

Background: | In August 2003, a comprehensive peace agreement ended 14 years of civil war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who was exiled to Nigeria. The National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) - which is composed of rebel, government, and civil society groups - assumed control in October 2003. Chairman Gyude BRYANT, who was given a two-year mandate to oversee efforts to rebuild Liberia, heads the new government. The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), which maintains a strong presence throughout the country, completed a disarmament program for former combatants in late 2004, but the security situation is still volatile and the process of rebuilding the social and economic structure of this war-torn country remains sluggish.

Geography | Liberia

Location: | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone
Geographic coordinates: | 6 30 N, 9 30 W
Map references: | Africa
Area: | total: 111,370 sq km water: 15,050 sq km land: 96,320 sq km
Area - comparative: | slightly larger than Tennessee
Land boundaries: | total: 1,585 km border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km
Coastline: | 579 km
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 200 nm
Climate: | tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
Terrain: | mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,380 m
Natural resources: | iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
Land use: | arable land: 3.95% permanent crops: 2.28% other: 93.77% (2001)
Irrigated land: | 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: | dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)
Environment - current issues: | tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Geography - note: | facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture

People | Liberia

Population: | 3,390,635 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 742,508; female 730,677) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 875,951; female 918,570) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 61,867; female 61,062) (2004 est.)
Median age: | total: 18.1 years male: 17.7 years female: 18.4 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate: | 2.7% (2004 est.)
Birth rate: | 44.81 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate: | 17.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: at least 200,000 Liberian refugees are in surrounding countries; the uncertain security situation has hindered their ability to return (2004 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | total: 130.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 123.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 137.32 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 47.93 years male: 46.9 years female: 48.99 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate: | 6.16 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 5.9% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 100,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 7,200 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases: | typhoid fever, malaria, yellow fever, Lassa fever, schistosomiasis overall degree of risk: very high (2004)
Nationality: | noun: Liberian(s) adjective: Liberian
Ethnic groups: | indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
Religions: | indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Languages: | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.5% male: 73.3% female: 41.6% note: (2003 est.)

Government | Liberia

Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Liberia conventional short form: Liberia
Government type: | republic
Capital: | Monrovia
Administrative divisions: | 15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe
Independence: | 26 July 1847
National holiday: | Independence Day, 26 July (1847)
Constitution: | 6 January 1986
Legal system: | dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: | chief of state: Chairman Gyude BRYANT (since 14 October 2003); note - this is an interim position until presidential elections in 2005; the chairman is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Chairman Gyude BRYANT (since 14 October 2003); note - this is an interim position until presidential elections in 2005; the chairman is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; note - current cabinet positions are divided among groups participating in the Liberian peace process elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (renewable); election last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA October 2005) note:: a UN-brokered cease-fire among warring factions and the Liberian government resulted in the August 2003 resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR; a jointly agreed upon replacement, Chairman Gyude BRYANT, assumed office as head of the National Transitional Government on 14 October 2003 election results: Charles Ghankay TAYLOR elected president; percent of vote - Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (NPP) 75.3%, Ellen Johnson SIRLEAF (UP) 9.6%, Alhaji KROMAH (ALCOP) 4%, other 11.1%; note - Taylor stepped down in August 2003
Legislative branch: | bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (26 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 21, UP 3, ALCOP 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 49, UP 7, ALCOP 3, Alliance of Political Parties 2, UPP 2, LPP 1 elections: Senate - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2006); House of Representatives - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA October 2005)
Judicial branch: | Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: | Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP) [leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY]; Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or UP [Charles CLARKE]
Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA
International organization participation: | ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Aaron B. KOLLIE chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 consulate(s) general: New York FAX: [1] (202) 723-0436 telephone: [1] (202) 723-0437
Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador John William BLANEY III embassy: 111 United Nations Drive, P. O. Box 10-0098, Mamba Point, 1000 Monrovia, 10 Liberia mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [231] 226-370 through 226-380 FAX: [231] 226-148
Flag description: | 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag

Economy | Liberia

Economy - overview: | Civil war and misgovernment have destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Many businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Some have returned, many will not. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products - primarily raw timber and rubber. Local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. The departure of the former president, Charles TAYLOR, to Nigeria in August 2003, the establishment of the all-inclusive National Transition Government of Liberia (NTGL), and the arrival of a UN mission are all encouraging signs that the political crisis is coming to an end. The restoration of infrastructure and the raising of incomes in this ravaged economy depend on the implementation of sound macro- and micro-economic policies, including the encouragement of foreign investment, and generous support from donor countries.
GDP: | purchasing power parity - $3.261 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | 3% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 76.9% industry: 5.4% services: 17.7% (2002 est.)
Population below poverty line: | 80%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 15% (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: | 85% (2003 est.)
Budget: | revenues: $85.4 million expenditures: $90.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Agriculture - products: | rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber
Industries: | rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds
Industrial production growth rate: | NA
Electricity - production: | 468.8 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption: | 435.9 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production: | 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption: | 3,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - imports: | NA (2001)
Exports: | $1.079 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities: | rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee
Exports - partners: | Germany 43.3%, Poland 10.9%, Greece 9.1%, US 6%, France 5.5%, Thailand 4.9%, China 4.1% (2003)
Imports: | $5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities: | fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs
Imports - partners: | South Korea 39.2%, Japan 16.2%, Singapore 12.4%, Germany 9.9%, Spain 4.1% (2003)
Debt - external: | $2.1 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: | $94 million (1999)
Currency: | Liberian dollar (LRD)
Currency code: | LRD
Exchange rates: | Liberian dollars per US dollar - NA (2003), 61.7542 (2002), 48.5833 (2001), 40.9525 (2000), 41.9025 (1999)
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | Liberia

Telephones - main lines in use: | 7,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 2,000 (2001)
Telephone system: | general assessment: telephone and telegraph service via microwave radio relay network; main center is Monrovia domestic: NA international: country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 0, FM 7, shortwave 2 (2001)
Radios: | 790,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | 1 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2001)
Televisions: | 70,000 (1997)
Internet country code: | .lr
Internet hosts: | 14 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2001)
Internet users: | 1,000 (2002)

Transportation | Liberia

Railways: | total: 490 km standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge note: none of the railways are in operation (2003)
Highways: | total: 10,600 km paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)
Ports and harbors: | Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia, Robertsport
Merchant marine: | total: 1,449 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 50,555,752 GRT/79,125,329 DWT registered in other countries: 35 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Argentina 9, Australia 3, Austria 16, Belgium 8, Bermuda 1, Brazil 5, Chile 7, China 40, Croatia 11, Cyprus 4, Denmark 4, Estonia 1, France 3, Germany 510, Greece 142, Hong Kong 56, Iceland 1, India 3, Indonesia 1, Israel 4, Italy 8, Japan 81, South Korea 7, Latvia 22, Isle of Man 5, Mexico 1, Monaco 59, Netherlands 11, Nigeria 2, Norway 54, Panama 1, Poland 2, Portugal 6, Russia 68, Saudi Arabia 23, Singapore 43, Slovenia 1, Spain 1, Sri Lanka 1, Sweden 9, Switzerland 7, Taiwan 36, Turkey 3, Ukraine 3, United Kingdom 36, United States 95, Uruguay 3 by type: bulk 278, cargo 67, chemical tanker 161, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 20, container 388, liquefied gas 77, multi-functional large load carrier 3, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 317, refrigerated cargo 62, roll on/roll off 14, short-sea/passenger 3, specialized tanker 13, vehicle carrier 33
Airports: | 53 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: | total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 38 (2004 est.)

Military | Liberia

Military branches: | Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Navy, Air Force
Military manpower - military age and obligation: | 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 752,943 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 406,293 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $10 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1.3% (2003)

Transnational Issues | Liberia

Disputes - international: | domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have created insurgencies, street violence, looting, arms trafficking, and ethnic conflicts and refugees in border areas; the Cote d'Ivoire Government accuses Liberia of supporting Ivorian rebels
Refugees and internally displaced persons: | refugees (country of origin): 13,941 (Sierra Leone), 38,325 (Cote d'Ivoire) IDPs: 500,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; IDP resettlement began in November 2004) (2004)
Illicit drugs: | transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005