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| Honduras |

Introduction | Honduras

Background: | Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage.

Geography | Honduras

Location: | Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Geographic coordinates: | 15 00 N, 86 30 W
Map references: | Central America and the Caribbean
Area: | total: 112,090 sq km land: 111,890 sq km water: 200 sq km
Area - comparative: | slightly larger than Tennessee
Land boundaries: | total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Coastline: | 820 km
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: | subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Terrain: | mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
Natural resources: | timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Land use: | arable land: 9.55% permanent crops: 3.22% other: 87.23% (2001)
Irrigated land: | 760 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: | frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast
Environment - current issues: | urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: | has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast

People | Honduras

Population: | 6,823,568 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 41.2% (male 1,434,555; female 1,376,216) 15-64 years: 55.1% (male 1,866,219; female 1,896,027) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 118,404; female 132,147) (2004 est.)
Median age: | total: 19 years male: 18.6 years female: 19.4 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate: | 2.24% (2004 est.)
Birth rate: | 31.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate: | 6.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate: | -1.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | total: 29.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 33.22 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 66.15 years male: 64.99 years female: 67.37 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate: | 3.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 1.8% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 63,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 4,100 (2003 est.)
Nationality: | noun: Honduran(s) adjective: Honduran
Ethnic groups: | mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%
Religions: | Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority
Languages: | Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.2% male: 76.1% female: 76.3% (2003 est.)

Government | Honduras

Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Honduras conventional short form: Honduras local short form: Honduras local long form: Republica de Honduras
Government type: | democratic constitutional republic
Capital: | Tegucigalpa
Administrative divisions: | 18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro
Independence: | 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday: | Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Constitution: | 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Legal system: | rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch: | chief of state: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November 2005) election results: Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (PN) elected president - 52.2%, Raphael PINEDA Ponce (PL) 44.3%, others 3.5%
Legislative branch: | unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PN 61, PL 55, PUD 5, PDC 4, PINU-SD 3
Judicial branch: | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Political parties and leaders: | Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Juan Ramon VELAZQUEZ Nassar]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Jose Celin DISCUA Elvir]; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
Political pressure groups and leaders: | Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH
International organization participation: | ABEDA, BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Mario Miguel CANAHUATI honorary consulate(s): Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Jacksonville consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 966-9751 telephone: [1] (202) 966-7702 chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Larry Leon PALMER embassy: Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa mailing address: American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa telephone: [504] 238-5114, 236-9320 FAX: [504] 236-9037
Flag description: | three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Economy | Honduras

Economy - overview: | Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere with an extraordinarily unequal distribution of income and massive unemployment, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While the country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it has failed to meet the IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors. Growth remains dependent on the status of the US economy, its major trading partner, on commodity prices, particularly coffee, and on reduction of the high crime rate.
GDP: | purchasing power parity - $17.55 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | 3% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 12.8% industry: 31.9% services: 55.3% (2003 est.)
Investment (gross fixed): | 24% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line: | 53% (1993 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 0.6% highest 10%: 42.7% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: | 56.3 (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 7.7% (2003 est.)
Labor force: | 2.41 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture 34%, industry 21%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate: | 27.5% (2003 est.)
Budget: | revenues: $1.342 billion expenditures: $1.744 billion, including capital expenditures of $106 million (2003)
Public debt: | 57.8% of GDP (2003)
Agriculture - products: | bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp
Industries: | sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products
Industrial production growth rate: | 7.7% (2003 est.)
Electricity - production: | 3.778 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption: | 3.822 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports: | 308 million kWh (2001)
Oil - production: | 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption: | 29,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports: | NA (2001)
Oil - imports: | NA (2001)
Current account balance: | $-279.6 million (2003)
Exports: | $1.37 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities: | coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber (2000)
Exports - partners: | US 65.5%, El Salvador 3.5%, Guatemala 2.4% (2003)
Imports: | $3.11 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities: | machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs (2000)
Imports - partners: | US 53.1%, El Salvador 4.5%, Mexico 3% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: | $1.439 billion (2003)
Debt - external: | $5.246 billion (2003)
Economic aid - recipient: | $557.8 million (1999)
Currency: | lempira (HNL)
Currency code: | HNL
Exchange rates: | lempiras per US dollar - 17.3453 (2003), 16.4334 (2002), 15.4737 (2001), 14.8392 (2000), 14.2132 (1999)
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | Honduras

Telephones - main lines in use: | 322,500 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 326,500 (2002)
Telephone system: | general assessment: inadequate system domestic: NA international: country code - 504; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998)
Radios: | 2.45 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: | 570,000 (1997)
Internet country code: | .hn
Internet hosts: | 1,944 (2003)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 8 (2000)
Internet users: | 168,600 (2002)

Transportation | Honduras

Railways: | total: 699 km narrow gauge: 279 km 1.067-m gauge; 420 km 0.914-m gauge (2003)
Highways: | total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)
Waterways: | 465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2004)
Ports and harbors: | La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira
Merchant marine: | total: 238 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 598,600 GRT/616,158 DWT registered in other countries: 16 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Argentina 1, Bahrain 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Bulgaria 1, Cayman Islands 1, China 4, Costa Rica 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 5, El Salvador 1, Greece 16, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Israel 1, Italy 1, Japan 2, Jordan 1, South Korea 9, Lebanon 4, Liberia 4, Maldives 2, Marshall Islands 3, Mexico 1, Nigeria 2, Panama 10, Philippines 1, Russia 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 22, Spain 1, Taiwan 2, Tanzania 1, Thailand 1, Turkey 2, Turks and Caicos Islands 1, United States 7, Vanuatu 1, Vietnam 1 by type: bulk 12, cargo 139, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1, container 5, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea/passenger 3
Airports: | 115 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: | total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 104 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)

Military | Honduras

Military branches: | Army, Navy (including Naval Infantry), Air Force
Military manpower - military age and obligation: | 18 years of age for voluntary 2-3 year military service (2004)
Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 1,642,029 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 977,130 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: | males: 76,143 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $99.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1.5% (2003)

Transnational Issues | Honduras

Disputes - international: | in 1992, ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border, and the OAS is assisting with a technical resolution of bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ rejected El Salvador's request to revise its decision on one bolsone; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize but agreed to creation of a joint ecological park and Guatemalan corridor in the Caribbean in the failed 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum; Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over a complex maritime dispute in the Caribbean Sea
Illicit drugs: | transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005